Status, Prevalence and Management of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lethal Necrosis Disease in Ethiopia: A Review
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
170-176
Received:
8 September 2022
Accepted:
12 October 2022
Published:
28 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The most important and the first rank crop in production and productivity in Ethiopia is maize which is also the second-largest crop in terms of area coverage after teff. However, viral infections that were introduced during the 2013/2014 growing season in the area of the Upper Awash Valley are severely limiting its productivity in Ethiopia. Later the virus was identified as Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND); this disease can induce varying degrees of harm, from a low infection rate to a complete crop failure. The disease is highly prevalent in Ethiopia's main maize-producing provinces, including the Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Oromia, Southern Nation, Nationality and Peoples (SNNP), and Tigray regions. In contrast to the main growing season, the disease pressure was greatest during the off-season, due to maize grown under irrigation is probable the only green plant in the area, it attracts a lot of insects and provides a better environment for their migration and reproduction, which speeds up the spread of viruses that cause MLN. Four years of data on MLN prevalence showed a general decrease in the disease's prevalence from 2015 to 2018. The yields were devastated; as the infected plants frequently produced no seed at all, undersized or malformed ears, or both. The factors responsible for the spread of MLND are vectors, infected soil, and infected seed. Some of the management options used to manage MLND are: using clean Seed and non infected soil, host resistant, control vectors of the virus, and Integrated Disease Management.
Abstract: The most important and the first rank crop in production and productivity in Ethiopia is maize which is also the second-largest crop in terms of area coverage after teff. However, viral infections that were introduced during the 2013/2014 growing season in the area of the Upper Awash Valley are severely limiting its productivity in Ethiopia. Later ...
Show More
Herbage Accumulation and Nutritive Value of Desho Grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum) in Midland and Highland Agro-Ecologies of Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia
Tolera Fikadu,
Melese Furgasa,
Worku Bekuma,
Wubshet Tesfaye,
Fraol Legesse
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
177-182
Received:
20 July 2022
Accepted:
7 November 2022
Published:
16 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpb.20220704.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Determining the forage yield and nutritional value of forage crops constitutes prerequisite to improve the productivity of livestock. Thus, identifying the grass lines to the specific agro-ecology can help to reduce the feed gap in Eastern Oromia. The experiment was carried out at midland and highland agro ecologies of East Hararghe zone of Oromia during 2018-2020 main cropping seasons to identify the most adaptable, high yielder in forage biomass and nutritive value Dasho grass line/s. Four Dasho grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum) lines (Kindo kosha-DZF-591, Araka-DZF-590, Kulumsa, Kindo kosha-DZF#589) were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications. Data on tiller number, plot cover, plant height, biomass yield, Ash, crud protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were recorded during the investigation. The combined analysis of the current study revealed that Desho grass lines had significant difference in tiller number per plant (p<0.05), however, no significant (p>0.05) difference observed in forage dry matter, plot cover, plant height and leaf to stem ratio at both agro ecologies. When the nutritive value was observed, the Ash, crud protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents were shown significant (p<0.001) difference among the Desho grass lines considered in the trial. Kulumsa-DZF-592 had significantly higher crude protein and lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents. Generally, the high forage biomass yield and moderate nutritional contents in crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Desho grass lines suggested that they have excellent forage yield and nutritional value that deserves special attention to the grass. Therefore, all the Desho grass lines were well adapted and produced optimum forage biomass yield and moderate nutritional value at midland and highland agro-ecologies of East Hararghe Zone environmental conditions. Particularly, Kindo kosha-DZF#589 (28.72 t/ha) and Kulumsa-DZF-592 (28.51 t/ha) were well performed at midland agro-ecology while Kindo kosha-DZF-591 (25.06 t/ha) and Araka-DZF-590 (24.93 t/ha) were at highland agro-ecology. Thus, further research on demonstration and scaling up should be implemented at both agro-ecologies of the study areas.
Abstract: Determining the forage yield and nutritional value of forage crops constitutes prerequisite to improve the productivity of livestock. Thus, identifying the grass lines to the specific agro-ecology can help to reduce the feed gap in Eastern Oromia. The experiment was carried out at midland and highland agro ecologies of East Hararghe zone of Oromia ...
Show More
