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Effects of Seeding Rate and Variety on Growth and Yield of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) at Burusa, Southwestern Ethiopia
Mahbuba Shesuleiman,
Habtamu Mengistu,
Abera Jaleta
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
78-83
Received:
13 September 2021
Accepted:
22 October 2021
Published:
12 November 2021
Abstract: Field experiment was conducted at Burusa agricultural research Centre of Mettu University to investigate the effects of seeding rate and variety on growth, yield and some quality parameters of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Five seeding rate (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30kgha-1) and three varieties namely Eden, Dirshaye and Local check were used. Factorial RCBD with three replications is used. Data were collected on growth parameters, seed yield and yield components. The data were subjected to ANOVA for statistical analysis using SAS version-9.2 computer software. The result of the study revealed that, most of crop phenology and growth parameters were significantly affected at p<0.05%. Accordingly, the highest plant for consecutive 30, 60 and 60DAS (18.54cm, local; 38.12cm, local and 46.77, Eden) was recorded as those varieties sawn at seeding rate of 30kgha-1. The maximum mean number of primary branch measured at maturity time as (5.3) where recorded when Eden was sawn at 10kgha-1. The mean earliest days to flower initiation (72.4 days) was recorded for Eden Variety while prolonged days to flower initiation (83.2) was recorded for local variety. Following similar patter, mean earliest days to maturity (142.8days) for Eden and prolonged days to maturity (146.3days) was recoded for local variety. Yield contributing characters like number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plant and seed yield per hectare were maximum when cumin seed variety Eden sawn at seed rate of 10kgha-1. These attributes were found to be minimum for all the three tested varieties sown at seed rate of 30kgha-1. Among various levels of seed rate and three varieties tested, 10kgha-1 by Variety Eden could result in highest seed yield (685kgha-1), though it is below national standard which ranged from 900-1600kgha-1. Variety Eden resulted in maximum number of capsule (62.1) and greater seed yield per plant (4.27g) when sawn at 10kgha-1. Local variety achieved promising result for 1000seed weight (1.94g) which is 47.3% higher than that produced at 30kgha-1 seeding rate (0.46 g) for variety Dirshaye. Again local varieties produced greater amount of essential oil. Based on the results of the experiment, Eden with 10kgha-1 could be used for popularization and need to be subjected to scaling up in the study area.
Abstract: Field experiment was conducted at Burusa agricultural research Centre of Mettu University to investigate the effects of seeding rate and variety on growth, yield and some quality parameters of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Five seeding rate (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30kgha-1) and three varieties namely Eden, Dirshaye and Local check were used. Factori...
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Evaluation of Castor Bean Varieties and Fungicides Application to Control Rust (Melampsoraricini) Disease
Banchiamlak Nigussie,
Ano Wario,
Temesgen Gizaw
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
84-88
Received:
25 October 2021
Accepted:
16 November 2021
Published:
2 December 2021
Abstract: Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) cultivation is affected by different abiotic and biotic factor constraints. Among the biotic factors rust caused by Melampsoraricini attack castor at young to old stage cause drying of leaves. It caused 60% of disease incidence and 30% of severity at Wondo Genet agricultural research center. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of different fungicides with Castor bean varieties under field condition for the management of rust disease. Two registered varieties (Abaro and Hiruy), three registered fungicides (propiconazol 25%) (Atracole 32 SC), tebuconazole (Tilt 250 EC), triadimefon (Diprocon) and two controls with no spray treatments were used. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The fungicides were sprayed at the recommended rate on the diseased plants at 15day interval for five rounds. Data was recorded on disease severity, disease incidence, plant height, branch number and seed yield (kg)/ha). Among the treatments, Hiruy variety treated with Diprocon (DC=87.6%) was effective fungicides against castor rust disease control whereas, Abaro variety treated with Tilt (DC=60.1%) and Altracole (DC=60.1%) significantly controlled the rust disease under field condition. Thus, the susceptible variety with different fungicides and plant extracts should be studied further for integrated management of castor bean rust.
Abstract: Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) cultivation is affected by different abiotic and biotic factor constraints. Among the biotic factors rust caused by Melampsoraricini attack castor at young to old stage cause drying of leaves. It caused 60% of disease incidence and 30% of severity at Wondo Genet agricultural research center. The present study was u...
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Weed Species Dominance and Abundance in Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Plantation of Southwest Ethiopia
Tigist Bidira,
Tamiru Shimales,
Melaku Adissu,
Tadesse Eshetu
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
89-94
Received:
19 August 2021
Accepted:
25 November 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is one of the most popular beverage crops. Among tea production constraints, weed is one of the detrimental factors in tea productions in Ethiopia. For the possibility of developing weed management method determining the dominant and abundant weed species is highly important to identify and prioritize the most noxious and prevalent weed that associated with tea production in the country. Weed flora survey was conducted in two different tea estate farms Wushwush and Gumero tea plantations in 2019/20 cropping seasons. The field survey was done according to the quantitative survey method by using 1m2 quadrate size. Weeds present in each quadrate were counted and identified to species level. Weed abundance, dominance, frequency and similarity index was determined at two tea producing locations. A total of 63 weed species were identified from assessed tea plantation farms. The result revealed that 61.3% and 71.9% of broad leaf weed was recorded at Wushwush and Gumaro tea plantation, respectively. Only, two (6.5%) parasitic weed species were recorded at Wushwush. The most prevalent and abundant weed species at Wushwush was Ageratum conyzoides followed by Hydrocotyle americana, whereas, H. americana was the most dominant species at Gumero tea plantation. Generally, from survey results, the weed flora composition was similar in both assessed areas, as its similarity index resulted above 70%. Hence, similar weed management methods should be recommended for both locations.
Abstract: Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is one of the most popular beverage crops. Among tea production constraints, weed is one of the detrimental factors in tea productions in Ethiopia. For the possibility of developing weed management method determining the dominant and abundant weed species is highly important to identify and prioritize the most noxious and...
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Effect of Furrow Irrigation Techniques and Deficit Irrigation Levels on Yield and Water Productivity of Onion (Allium cepa l.) at Werer, Middle Awash Valley, Ethiopia
Nigusie Abebe,
Kebede Nanesa,
Jemal Mohammed,
Wondimu Tolcha,
Fikadu Robi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
95-100
Received:
27 October 2021
Accepted:
18 November 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Deficit irrigation is one of the techniques used to enhance water productivity without significant yield loss in semiarid areas. A field experiment was conducted at Werer, Middle Awash Valley during the dry season of the 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20 for three consecutive years to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation levels and furrow irrigation methods on onion yield and water productivity. Split plot design with three replications, in which the irrigation methods (Conventional, Fixed and Alternate Furrow) were assigned to the main plot and the three deficit levels (100% ETc, 75% ETc and 50% ETc), were in the sub-plot. Results indicate that marketable onion bulb yield and water productivity were highly affected by the interaction effect of furrow irrigation methods and irrigation levels (p<0.05). The highest bulb yield (17580.43 kg ha-) and water productivity (11.79 kg/m3) were obtained from conventional furrow irrigation method with100% ETc and alternate furrow irrigation with 50% ETc respectively. Considering water saved and maximum yield, Onion irrigated by AFI 100% ETC resulted in 15% yield reduction with up to 50% irrigation water saving as compared to CFI 100% ETc. The present study suggests that, under water limiting conditions, adopting alternate furrow irrigation with 100% ETc can be an alternative to increase water productivity without significant yield reduction.
Abstract: Deficit irrigation is one of the techniques used to enhance water productivity without significant yield loss in semiarid areas. A field experiment was conducted at Werer, Middle Awash Valley during the dry season of the 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20 for three consecutive years to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation levels and furrow irrig...
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Effect of Tillage Practices and Cropping Pattern on Soil Properties and Crop Yield in the Humid Lowlands of Beles Sub-Basin, Ethiopia
Getnet Asfawesen Molla,
Mihret Dananto,
Gizaw Desta
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, December 2021
Pages:
101-113
Received:
19 November 2021
Accepted:
7 December 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: Tillage is a land management practice where a sequence of manipulating the soil for crop production. To investigate the response of land management and cropping pattern on soil properties and crop yield, a field experiment was conducted under natural environment on Nitisol of Pawi area. Nine treatments combining two tillage methods (Zero and conventional), four crop covers (continuous maize, continuous soya bean, rotated maize, and maize soya bean intercrop) were laid out in RCBD with three replications. The result showed that land management and crop cover significantly affect bulk density, porosity, soil moisture, nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus, and yield of a crop. Relative to conventionally tilled continuous maize, maize soya bean intercropping managed under zero tillage improve capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, organic carbon, available phosphorus, and total nitrogen with a response ratio of 1.7, 2.7, 1.3, 2, and 1.3, respectively while reducing bulk density by 10%. Conversion of tillage system from conventional to zero tillage improves grain yield, biomass yield, and soil moisture by 6%, 10%, and 6%, respectively. Generally, zero tillage with greater cover is an appropriate approach to improve soil properties without negatively affecting grain yield. To understand and quantify the long-term impact of tillage and crop cover on soil health and productivity in Ethiopia long-term study is needed as this study was based on one-year data from four years permanent plots.
Abstract: Tillage is a land management practice where a sequence of manipulating the soil for crop production. To investigate the response of land management and cropping pattern on soil properties and crop yield, a field experiment was conducted under natural environment on Nitisol of Pawi area. Nine treatments combining two tillage methods (Zero and conven...
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